APPENDIX D - TEAM RACING RULES
Team races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as
changed by this appendix.
D1 CHANGES TO THE RACING RULES
D1.1 Definitions and the Rules of Parts 2 and 4
(a) In the definition Finish, delete the words ‘after starting’.
(b) In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull lengths.
(c) Rule 18.2(b) is changed to:
If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone,
the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside
boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the
zone, or she later becomes clear ahead when another boat passes
head to wind, the boat clear astern at that moment shall
thereafter give her mark-room.
(d) Rule 18.4 is deleted.
(e) When stated in the sailing instructions, rule 20 is changed so that
the following arm signals are required in addition to the hails:
(1) for room to tack, repeatedly and clearly pointing to
windward; and
(2) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other
boat and waving the arm to windward.
(f) Rule 23.1 is changed to: ‘If reasonably possible, a boat not
racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing, and a boat
that has finished shall not act to interfere with a boat that has not
finished.’
(g) Add new rule 23.3: ‘When boats in different races meet, any
change of course by either boat shall be consistent with
complying with a rule or trying to win her own race.’
(h) Add to rule 41:
(e) help from another boat on her team provided electronic
communication is not used.
(i) Rule 45 is deleted.
D1.2 Protests and Requests for Redress
(a) Rule 60.1 is changed to:
A boat may
(a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule
of Part 2 unless she was involved in the incident or the
incident involved contact between members of the other
team; or
(b) request redress.
(b) Rule 61.1(a) is changed so that the boat may remove her red flag
after it has been conspicuously displayed.
(c) The boat requesting redress for an incident in the racing area
shall display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity after
the incident. She shall display the red flag until it is
acknowledged by the race committee or by an umpire.
(d) The race committee or protest committee shall not protest a boat
for breaking a rule of Part 2 or rule 31 or 42 except
(1) based on evidence in a report from an umpire after a black
and white flag has been displayed; or
(2) under rule 14 upon receipt of a report from any source
alleging damage or injury.
(e) Protests and requests for redress need not be in writing. The
protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers
appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.
(f) A boat is not entitled to redress based on damage or injury
caused by another boat on her team.
(g) When a supplied boat suffers a breakdown, rule D5 applies.
D1.3 Penalties
(a) Rule 44.1 is changed to:
A boat may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken
one or more rules of Part 2, or rule 31 or 42, in an incident while
racing. However, when she may have broken a rule of Part 2 and
rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty for
breaking rule 31.
(b) When a boat clearly indicates that she will take a penalty under
rule 44.1, she shall take that penalty.
(c) A boat may take a penalty by retiring and informing the race
committee or an umpire.
(d) There shall be no penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2 when the
incident is between boats on the same team and there is no
contact.
D2 UMPIRED RACES
D2.1 When Rule D2 Applies
Rule D2 applies to umpired races. Races to be umpired shall be
identified in the notice of race or sailing instructions or by the display
of flag J no later than the warning signal.
D2.2 Protests by Boats
When a boat protests under a rule of Part 2 or under rule 31 or 42 for
an incident in the racing area, she is not entitled to a hearing and the
following applies:
(a) She shall hail ‘Protest’ and conspicuously display a red flag at
the first reasonable opportunity for each.
(b) The boats shall be given time to respond.
(c) If no boat takes a penalty or clearly indicates that she will do so,
an umpire shall decide whether to penalize any boat.
(d) If more than one boat breaks a rule, an umpire shall decide
whether to penalize any boat that did not take a penalty.
(e) An umpire shall signal a decision in compliance with rule D2.4.
D2.3 Penalties Initiated by an Umpire
An umpire may penalize a boat without a protest by another boat, or
report the incident to the protest committee, or both, when the boat
(a) breaks rule 31 or 42 and does not take a penalty;
(b) breaks a rule of Part 2 and makes contact with another boat on
her team or with a boat in another race, and no boat takes a
penalty;
(c) breaks a rule and her team gains an advantage despite her, or
another boat on her team, taking a penalty;
(d) breaks rule 14 and there is damage or injury;
(e) breaks rule D1.3(b);
(f) fails to take a penalty signalled by an umpire;
(g) commits a breach of sportsmanship.
The umpire shall signal a decision in compliance with rule D2.4.
D2.4 Signals by an Umpire
An umpire shall signal a decision with one long sound and the display
of a flag as follows:
(a) For no penalty, a green and white flag.
(b) To penalize one or more boats, a red flag. The umpire shall hail
or signal to identify each boat penalized.
(c) To report the incident to the protest committee, a black and white
flag.
D2.5 Penalties Imposed by Umpires
A boat penalized by an umpire shall take a Two-Turns Penalty.
However, when a penalty is imposed under rule D2.3 and an umpire
hails or signals a number of turns, the boat shall take that number of
One-Turn Penalties.
D2.6 Limitations on Other Proceedings
(a) A breach of rule D2.5 shall not be grounds for a protest by a
boat.
(b) A decision, action or non-action of an umpire shall not be
(1) grounds for redress,
(2) subject to an appeal under rule 70, or
(3) grounds for abandoning a race after it has started.
(c) The protest committee may decide to consider giving redress
when it believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat,
may have seriously interfered with a competing boat.
D3 SCORING A RACE
D3.1
(a) Each boat finishing a race and not retiring thereafter shall be
scored points equal to her finishing place. All other boats shall
be scored points equal to the number of boats entitled to race.
(b) When a boat is scored OCS, 10 points shall be added to her score
unless she retired as soon as possible after the starting signal.
(c) When a boat fails to take a penalty imposed by an umpire at or
near the finishing line, she shall be scored as retired.
(d) When a boat is scored as retired after finishing, each boat with a
worse finishing place shall be moved up one place.
(e) When a protest committee decides that a boat that is a party to a
protest hearing has broken a rule and is not exonerated,
(1) if the boat has not taken a penalty, 6 points shall be added
to her score;
(2) if the boat’s team has gained an advantage despite any
penalty taken or imposed, the boat’s score may be
increased;
(3) when the boat has broken rule 1 or 2, rule 14 when she has
caused damage or injury, or a rule when not racing, half
or more race wins may be deducted from her team, or no
penalty may be imposed. Race wins deducted shall not be
awarded to any other team.
D3.2
When all boats on one team have finished, retired or failed to start, the
other team’s boats racing at that time shall be scored the points they
would have received had they finished.
D3.3
The team with the lower total points wins the race. If the totals are
equal, the team that does not have first place wins.
D4 SCORING AN EVENT
D4.1 Terminology
(a) The format of an event consists of one or more stages.
(b) In a round-robin stage, teams are divided into one or more
groups, and each group is scheduled to sail one or more roundrobins.
(c) A round-robin consists of each team in a group sailing one race
against each other team in that group.
(d) A knock-out stage consists of one or more rounds in which each
team sails one match. A match is one or more races between two
teams.
D4.2 Event Format
(a) The sailing instructions shall state the format and stages of the
event, and any special scoring rules.
(b) In order to conclude an event, the race committee may change
or terminate any part of the format at any reasonable time taking
into account the entries, weather, time constraints and other
relevant factors.
D4.3 Scoring a Round-Robin Stage
(a) Teams in a round-robin group shall be ranked in order of number
of race wins, highest first. If the teams have not completed an
equal number of races, they shall be ranked in order of the
percentage of races won, highest first.
(b) However, if a round-robin is terminated when fewer than 80%
of its scheduled races have been completed, its race results shall
not be included, but shall be used to break ties between teams in
the group who all sailed each other in the terminated roundrobin.
(c) Results from a previous round-robin stage shall only be carried
forward if stated in the sailing instructions.
D4.4 Round-Robin Tie Breaks
Ties in a round-robin stage shall be broken using results from that
stage only.
(a) If the tied teams have all sailed each other at least once in the
stage, the tie shall be broken in the order below.
(1) Percentage of races won in all races between the tied
teams, highest first;
(2) Average points per race in all races between the tied teams,
lowest first;
(3) If two teams remain tied, the winner of the last race
between them;
(4) Average points per race in all races against common
opponents, lowest first;
(5) A sail-off if possible, otherwise a game of chance.
(b) Otherwise, the tie shall be broken using only steps (4) and (5)
above.
(c) When a tie is partially broken by one of the above, the remaining
tie shall be broken in accordance with D4.4(a) or (b) as
appropriate.
D4.5 Scoring a Knock-Out Stage
(a) A round shall not be scored unless at least one race has been
completed in each match in that round. The final and petit-final
are separate rounds.
(b) The winner of a match shall be the first team to score the number
of race wins stated in the sailing instructions. If a match is
terminated, the winner shall be the team with the higher number
of race wins in that match or, if this is a tie, the team that won
the last race of the match.
(c)
(1) Teams that win in a round shall be ranked ahead of those
that lose.
(2) Teams that lose in a round and do not sail again shall be
equally ranked.
(3) In a round that is not scored, teams shall be ranked in order
of their places in the previous stage of the event, with
teams from different groups ranked separately.
D5 BREAKDOWNS WHEN BOATS ARE SUPPLIED BY
THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
D5.1
Rule D5 applies when boats are supplied by the organizing authority.
D5.2
When a boat suffers a breakdown in the racing area, she may request
a score change by displaying a red flag at the first reasonable
opportunity after the breakdown until it is acknowledged by the race
committee or by an umpire. If possible, she shall continue racing.
D5.3
The race committee shall decide requests for a score change in
accordance with rules D5.4 and D5.5. It may take evidence in any way
it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.
D5.4
When the race committee decides that the team’s finishing position
was made significantly worse, that the breakdown was through no
fault of the crew, and that in the same circumstances a reasonably
competent crew would not have been able to avoid the breakdown, it
shall make as equitable a decision as possible. This may be to abandon
and resail the race or, when the boat’s finishing position was
predictable, award her points for that position. Any doubt about a
boat’s position when she broke down shall be resolved against her.
D5.5
A breakdown caused by defective supplied equipment or a breach of
a rule by an opponent shall not normally be determined to be the fault
of the crew, but one caused by careless handling, capsizing or a breach
by a boat on the same team shall be. If there is doubt, it shall be
presumed that the crew are not at fault.